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Location：Common faults of cutting heads can be traced back through their symptoms. If there is a rough incision and an increase in residue, it is often related to contamination or damage to the focusing lens. At this point, the laser source should be turned off first, and the lens barrel should be disassembled to inspect the surface of the lens. If there is oil stains or metal splashes, a special dust-free cloth dipped in anhydrous ethanol can be used to gently wipe in a clockwise direction; If there are scratches or coating peeling on the lens, it needs to be replaced in a timely manner, otherwise it will cause uneven distribution of laser energy. If sparks deviate during cutting, it may be due to nozzle wear or concentricity deviation. A new nozzle can be replaced for testing. If the fault persists, the coaxiality between the nozzle and the focusing lens needs to be adjusted to ensure that the laser beam is emitted from the center of the nozzle.
When there is abnormal noise or jamming in the cutting head, it is necessary to focus on investigating the mechanical transmission part. When switching between plate and tube processing, the lifting and rotating mechanism of the cutting head is prone to jamming due to dust intrusion. At this time, the transmission guide rail should be disassembled, the internal dust and oil stains should be cleaned, and special high-temperature lubricating grease should be applied. If the ball screw is found to be worn, the clearance between the screw nut should be checked. If it exceeds the standard, the component should be replaced. For pneumatic controlled cutting heads, if there is weak lifting, it may be due to air circuit leakage or cylinder aging. The air pipe interface can be checked with soap water, and damaged pipelines or sealing rings can be replaced. If necessary, the cylinder can be replaced to restore normal pressure.
Abnormal attenuation of laser energy is a highly covert fault. If frequent power adjustment is required when cutting the same material, it may be due to the displacement of the collimating mirror or loose fiber optic interface. Check the connection end between the fiber optic cable and the cutting head to ensure that the plug is clean and securely locked in place; The adjustment of the collimating mirror requires the use of specialized calibration tools to determine the angle deviation by observing the shape of the laser spot, and gradually adjust it to a uniform circular shape. In addition, sensor failures can also lead to energy control abnormalities, such as false alarms in capacitive height sensors. It is necessary to clean the sensing probe and recalibrate the reference height to avoid energy waste caused by distance detection deviations.
Performance verification after repair is essential. After replacing the lens or adjusting the mechanical structure, a trial cutting test is required: cut the standard sample and measure the perpendicularity and roughness of the incision, compare the nominal parameters of the equipment; After continuous processing for 30 minutes, check the temperature rise of the cutting head to ensure that the cooling system is functioning properly. For the scenario of switching between plates and pipes, it is necessary to test the cutting effects of the flat plate and the pipe separately, and verify the collaborative accuracy of the rotation axis and the lifting axis.
The troubleshooting of cutting heads should follow the logic of "observing the phenomenon first, locating the components, and then precise maintenance", combined with comprehensive judgment of mechanical structure and optical characteristics. In daily maintenance, regularly cleaning optical components, lubricating transmission parts, and calibrating sensor parameters can significantly reduce the occurrence rate of failures and ensure the long-term stable operation of the plate tube integrated laser cutting machine.